Charge-forming device



D. R. WILLS.

CHARGE FORMING DEVICEl APPLICATION FILED APR. 29, I9I9.

v .Ill I UNITED STATrES DONALD It. WILLS, OF-VJSHNGTON COURT HOUSE, OHIO.

CIIABGE-FORM1NG DEVICE.

Specification of Letters atent.

Patented Mar. 7, 1922.

Application filed April 29, 1919. Serial No. 293,470.

To all 107mm t muy concern:

Be it known that l, DONALD lllinns, a citizen of the United- States, residing at lllashing'ton Court House, in the county o l? Fayette and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful improvements in lharge-lforininn` Bevices, of which the following is a specification.

rhis invention relates to those charnel d e forming devices for internal combustion en- Lojines, having` means designed toV automatically effect proportional intake of fuel and air, and embodies improvements on my Patent 1,263,501, dated April Q3, i918.

My present improvements relate, first, to such novel location of the throttle valve. in relation to the chamber' in which the air and fuel are mixed, that new and improved results are obtained as will be hereinafter set forth.

My invention relates, further, to means whereby the mixture or charge may be pre heated betere delivery to the engine either before the engine is started, or to utilize the exhaust gases for preheating` the charge or mixture when the engine is running', as particularly pointed out hereinafter.

The present invention contemplates, third.v a novel relationship and combinatiiin of an air metering` device, metering device for the fuel valve, and a springt, the spring' beingl so related to the air and fuel metering' devices that it adapted to perform several different functions, such as will be pointed out in detail hereinafter.

A fourth feature of my present invention comprises an air metering' device, a fuel intake controlling' needle valve and setting; mechanism therefor combined as a unitarj, or self-contained device adaptedfor application to, or removable from, the carburetor shell or casing as such.

ln its fifth aspect, ldie invention embodies and air metering` inlet member or part whicl'i has a tapering` interior and is so secured and related to the other parts that it can be re moved and another air meteringinlet part substituted having a dilferent angled interior wall, whereby by using,` different ones of said air meterino inlet members with the same metering device, a greater or lesser volume of air may be admitted with a given. movement of the metering device and, consequently, the charge forming` device or carbureter is thereby made adaptable for use in connection with any engine. i

The invention provides, in that respect, a combined carbureter and choker which, so

far as l am aware, l am the first to provide.

The invention is set forth in detail hercinafter and the individi'ia-l and joint functions of the parts explained as pertaining to the best embodiment of the principles of the invention of which l have knowledge at the present time, but the disclosure is to be considered as illustrative rather than restrictive of the scope of the invention as l am aware that modiication may be resorted to.

In the accompanying' drawings:-

Figure l is a vertical section, certain parts being` in full lines;

Figure 2, an elevation taken at right angles to Figure l, certain of the parts being in section;

Figure 8, a plan view;

Figure el, a detail of the regulator;

Figure 5, a detail of the rocker with which the regulator cooperates; and

Figure 6, a section on the line G-G of Figure 5.

The shell or casing is shown at l and the fuel reservoir at 2. The fuel reservoir 2 is su'iported from the shell or casing,` l by va combined air and fuel conduit member 3 which has a flange il on which the reservoir 2 rests and is connected by screw threads 5 to the bottom G of the shell or casing which serves as a top for the fuel reservoir. Y lt is possible, however, to turn the reservoir` 2 around to different positions as it is Vnot fastened to the part 3. When assembled for use, however, the member 3 is screwed up so that the upper edge of the reservoir 2 is clamped firmly against the top member 6. The Jfuel from the reservoir 2 passes through the ports 7 into the primary mixture chamber or venturi 9. |The air enters the hollow interior of the member 3, as at l0, and passes upwardly into the primary mixture chamw ber 9 around the mouth ll where the fuel Cir enters said chamber, as shown by the constricted portion 12. A needle' valve 1B controls the open mouth 11, said valve being' set and operated as hereinafter describec'l,

A float 14 in the fuel reservoir 2-is suit ably pivoted at l'andcontrols a fuel ad mission valve 16.

The iiane'e or cou aline' lior the ai )e or ci n manifold leading` to the engine appears al 17, I The secondary mixture chamber'ot the casing` 1 is shown at 18. I

A throttle valve 19 controls the passage ot the cl'iarge or mixture from the chambers 9 and 18 to thechamber 2O troni which the charge or mixture passes to the engine. The throttle valve 19l is so placed that it consti'- tutes, in etfect, a side ot the chamber 18 and is located immediately adiacent the mouth ot' the primary `mi:\:t11urechamber 9. By locating' the throttle valve 19 close to the chamber 9 and, in effect, causing i said throttle 'valve to constituteone side ot' the chamber 18, very great advantages are obtained over results had when the throttle valve is located at a point spaced from the mouth ol? the chamber 9 and from the side ofthe chamber 18 as will be hereinafter pointed out.

Extending' vertically within the chamber 2O are tubes or conduit-s 21 whose upper ends may discharge into a box 22 having an outlet 23. The lower ends of the tubes or conduits 21 communicate with a chamber 24 to which is suitably connected a nipple 25 which may be connected in any suitable manner as, for instance, a flexible metal pipe, to the exhaust manifold ot the engine or to any other part of the exhaust systemso that the exhaust gases derived from the engine will be conducted to the chamber 24;, thence to pass upwardly through the tubes or conduits, thus heating),- the chamber' 20 and the charge in said chamber when en route to the engine,

the advantages ot which will apgear hereinafter. 1

`Toprovide 'for the admission oi heat witlr vin the tubes or conduits 21 when the engine i 1s not running', so that the mixture may be heated when the engine is to he started, there is provided a branch 26 ior the nipple 25, said branch being provided with a removable cap 27 to which is connected a rod 28 carryingr on its end a wad ot absorbent asbestos or y similar materia-1.29 which may be soaked. in

a uel such as ggasoline, for instance, prior to taining' their heat trom the exhaust.

introduction into the nipple 25. A hole in the branch 26 may be made to register with a corresponding' hole in the cap 2i' Yfor the admission ot' airito the interior ot the branch 26. After the engine has been started the cap 27 may be turned to close the opening B0, the tubes or conduits 21 then oblWhen,

the engine is to be started, the wad or ball r29 canhe provided with ,Q'asoline'or a fuel,

the port 30 open. finir will then enter to support combustion and the heat risini` through the tubes 21 will warm the charge or mixture so that the engine may be readily started.

A flanged shell 31 lits snugly within the mouth 32 of the shell o r casing 1 and provided with arms which have a bearing 34 for the stem l5 which carries the needle valve 15, said bearing permitting` the stem 35 to both slide' and turn. Removably seated inside the shell 31 is a tlanged air meteringY part or head 35 which has a downwardly use in connection with any internalcombus` tion engine, as, according' to the angle ot' the wall 37, a greater or lesser measured volume of air will be admitted when the` device is in operation.

A yoke 39, which is secured by the yscrews 38,. serves as a bearing to permit sliding and turning oit the upper portion ot the needle valve stem 35, said yoke having` a fixed arm L10. Pivoted at Ll1 to the outerend ot the arm 410 is a hollow regulating; scale 112, Fires, 2 and 5, which has a slot i133 in its lower end.V VSecured to or carried by the head'BG isha tubular shell 441 to which is secured a dial l5, Fig. 1. ylihe controlleror regulator shown in Fig.` l operates in the shell del, said controller being provided with a ball end coupling' 41:6 Vwhich is received'in the lower end ot the'scale 412 and has a pin L17 which turns in a'slot 48 in the shell. A knurled head i9 carries arpointer 50 which indicates on the Vdial the position ot the needle valve 13 as will appear hereinafter.

The stem 35 has a slot 51. Slidably mounted on the stein 35 is the air metering disk 52 whose margin, in connection with the wall 37, determines, according to the position vot said disk, the volume ot air measured or metered into the device. The Ydisk 52 is formed integral with or connected to a sleeve 53 which is provided with `a-.key 54 extending through the slot 51. Consequently, the disk 52 can move up and down on the stem 35 andy will yet always turn with the stem and Vwill not interfere with the turning of the stem, nor will the turning ot the stein interfere with the positionot the disk. Secured to the stem is a collar 55. A coil spring 55 surrounds the Stem 35 and lthe lower portion of thesleeve 53 and bears against t-he collar and-the disk 52 with sutlcient force to not only press the disk 52 upwardly and the stem 35 downwardly but,

also, to rotate the stem 35 and with it the needle valve 13 for the purpose of holding an arm 57 carried by sleeve 53, against the scale 112 as shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, except under certain conditions brought about by setting the parts.

Carried by the upper end of the stem 35 is a cam 58. Mounted to turn on the stein 35, `iust below the cam 58, is a controlling cam 59 'which has an operating cross piece or handle 60 provided with means 61 by which it may be connected to means suitably positioned for the driver of the car to operate it. To prevent the cam 59 from rising, there is provided a yoke 62 secured to the arm 40, as shown in Fig. 1, said arm having its parts lying in a groove in the cam 59.

It will be observed that the provision of the arm 57 enables cooperation to be had between the scale 42 and the stem 35 regardless of the movement of the disk 52.,

The knurled head 49 may be provided with a crank or other means 63 for attachment of any operative connection leading to a point convenient for control by the driver of the automobile. The throttle valve 19 has a crank 64- to which any suitable operative connection may be attached leading to the foot pedal or throttle control device of the car.

` lf gasoline is the fuel used, the air and gasoline are in the form of fine globules in the venturi or primary mixture chamber 9 and in more finely divided form in the secondary mixture chamber' 18. The throttle valve 19 being located so close to the upper mouth of the chamber 9, when the engine is at low speed, such as will be the case immediately after starting, all globules of gasoline are readily broken up and carried past the throttle valve instead of lodging on the sides of the casing to later overload the engine. Consequently, the location of the throttle valve in relation to the mouth of the chamber 9 and as constituting the side of the chamber 18, has the great practical advantage of preventing gasoline in liquid form from passing the throttle.V The location of the throttle 19 close to the venturi 9 insures a quick pick up as this position causes the air stream tobe' converged over the top ofthe venturi. Heretofore, so far as I am aware, the throttle valve has been located relatively distant from the point of mixture, and hence there is a passage or space on the walls of which the liquid -gaso- ,line accumulates, ready to rush into the engine and overload it if the throttle is opened quickly. With a throttle valve located according to my invention, there is no possibility of such action. Y

vThe charge which has been formed in the chamber 2O strikes the heated tubes or conduits 21 and isv preheated before passing to the engine, with the usual advantages both in starting and during operation of the engineu The present day carbureters operate on the principle of using suiiicient vacuum to pull the gasoline mixture into the motor. The vacuum is raised too high in the manifold and in order to obtain a vacuum, small openings. a-re used, but'small openings do not admit sufhcient gasoline and air to obtain the highest efficiency from the motor. he metering disk 52 of'my invention is not for the purpose of closing the opening in the head 36, but for the proper proportional admission of airv to later mix with gasoline according to the vacuum `or suction. In the use of my charge-forming device, itA is not necessary to impose upon the motor or engine the duty of `producing such a vacuum as the usual present day carbureter demands of the engines with which it is used; consequently, the eiilciency of an engine with which my charge-forming device is used is` greatly increased. Furthermore, there is no place where the fuel and air are not metered correctly.

Heretofore it has been a common practice to have a separate choking` device` whereby a very rich mixture/with a little air, .is introduced into the engine when the latter is started; In my invention the choking action is carried out by the device itself. By turning the lever or arm 60 solthat the cam 59 will raise the cam 58` and hence pull up the stem 35, thereby further opening the needle valve 13 and also placing an` increased or greater tension on the spring 56, not only is the supply of fuel, such as gasoline, proportionally increased so that the. mixture is very rich, but the metering disk 56 being` thus placed under greater spring pressure, will not meter in as much air as previously, causing an excess vacuum which, in turn, quickly increases the inflow of gasoline. Consequently, when the engine is to be started, by turning the member 60 a choking action is obtained and when the engine has been started, the cam 59can botar-ned back so that `normal oper* ation will follow. Furthermore, while a clicking action may be obtained with `the present device, flooding of the enginewith gasoline and causingit to stop, is prevented becausev` While choking is obtained, it is impossible to completely close, or hold closed, the metering disk 52, and even with the Aincreased spring tension, the metering disk will let in suiiicient air so that the motor will notl stop. Over choking of the motor and its injury from such action, are prevented in the usev of my invention.

The spring 56 performs several functions, namely:` lt presses the metering disk upwardly and the stem 35 downwardly to move the needle valve 13 toward its seat 1.1; the said spring has a torsional action' so that the arm 5l is kept in contact with the scale-e2 regardless ofthe position to which said scale 42 may be' adjusted; whenthe margin, nevertheless, it cannot be. com- V pletelyclosed. The torsional action'of Vthe Vspring 56 keeps the arm 57 against the scale 4t2 no matter what adjustment -of the regulator of Fig. LtimayV be effected after the arm 60 has been moved. to place a greater tension on spring 56, as previously described, when choking is being carried on,

or subsequently. After the motor has been choked for starting the engine, the regula-4 tion effected by turning the finger piece 49 consists in the turning ofthe arm 57' and i with it the metering disk 52 and the stem so that the cam` section 58, by riding on the cam section 59, effects the proper adjustment of the fuel supply past the needle valve 9 for it will be seen that the turning of the stem 35 by the scale 42 results in veither lifting or lowering the said stem 35, and. with it, the needle valve 13.

The metering dislr 52 may be made sufliciently heavy so that by reason of its turn- -in'g with the stem 35 it will have no tendency to flutter when the engine is under a heavy load.

That I claim is:

l. In a charge-forming device, the combination with a valve for controlling'the admission 0f fuel, of an air metering device mounted for movement in relation to the p valve and also for turning bodily therewith,

to the air metering device, whereby the desired proportional admixture of air and fuel may be regulated atwill.

2.\In a charge-forming device, the com-v bination 'with a valve for controlling thevadmission of fuel, of an air metering device mounted for movement in relation to the valve and also forturning bodily therewith, a cam carried by the valve, and a controlling cam adapted to lbe set and with which the first named cam engages, said cams being adapted for adjusting the valve in relation to the air metering device, whereby'the de-v sired proportional admixture ofair and fuel may be regulated at will, and supplemental regulating means for turning the valve to effect' additional adjustment thereof by the coaction of said cams.

In a-charge-forming device, the combination with a valve for controlling the admission of fuel, of an air metering device mounted for movement in relation to the valve and also for turning bodily therewith, a coil spring cooperating with the air metering device and with the valve, and cooperating cams for adjusting thev valve in relation to the air metering Vdevice and at the same time increasing the tension of thespring, whereby the desired proportional admixture Vof air and fuel may be regulated at will.

4. ln a charge-forming device, the combination with a valve for controlling the' admission of fuel, of an air metering device mounted for movement in relation to the valve and alsofor turning bodily therewith, 'a coil spring disposed between the air metering device and the valve and cooperating with both of them, said spring being adapted to move the valve towards its seat and` to hold the air meeting device 'in normal position, saidspring also serving to turn the valve, and means for adjusting thevalve in relation to the air metering device to thereliiy change the volume of fuel admitted, and increase the spring tension on the air metering device. Y j

5. In a charge-forming device, the combination with a valve for controlling the admission of fuel, of an air metering device mounted` for movement in relation vtoithe valve and also for turning bodily therewith, a coilspring disposed between the air meten ing device and the, valve vand. cooperatingwith both of them, said spring being adapted to move the valve towards itsseat and to hold the air metering'device in normal position, said spring also serving to turn the valve, means for adjusting the valve .in relation to the air metering device to thereby change the volume of fuel admitted, and increase the spring tension on the air metering device, and a supplemental regulator adapted for turning the valve and the air metering device to cause further action of the means last mentioned to further regulate the posi tion of the valve. i f Y p v V6. In a charge-forming device, the combination with a needle valve controlling the admission of the fuel, said valve having a stem Vprovided Vwith a cam section, of 'a metering disk having a loosely splined and lslidable connection( with the valve stem,

stem and valve may be adjusted to regulate Y the fuel supply and by means of which, in conjunction with the action of the spring, the needle valve,-its stem, and the air metering device Will be caused to turn, a scale, a supplemental regulator for shifting the scale, and an arm carried by the stem whichA cooperates with the scale, whereby the stem and needle valve may be further adjusted.

7. ln a charge-forming device, the combination with air metering means, of fuel metering means, said air metering means and fuel metering means being movable toward and away 'from each other and connected for turning bodily together', a spring cooperating with both of said means and adapted for moving them in opposite directions, and means for adjusting the air metering` intake means and fuel metering means at will independently oil' each other While also varying the tension of said spring.

mounted for movement in relation to the Y valve, a primary mixture chamber or venturi, a secondary mixture chamber located between the venturi and the air intake, and a throttle valve disposed immediately adjacent the mouth of the venturi and also constituting a part of the wall of the vsecondary mixture chamber, said throttle valve causing the air stream to be converged over the top of the venturi and preventing gasoline in liquid form from passing to the engine.

In testimony whereof I aiiiX my signature. 1

`DONALD R. WILLS. 

